Gum Arabic is commonly utilized in Middle East countries to improve the kidney function of rats with kidney failure. This study aimed was carried out to the nutritional composition and amino acid content was determined in gum Arabic. As well As, it was the effect of drinking gum Arabic in water form at levels 3, 6, 9 and 12% w/v on adenine-induced kidney failure. Kidney functions and lipids profile changes during the experimental period (six weeks) were determined. The results found that the gum Arabic is a good source from total carbohydrates, minerals content (copper, manganese, zinc and iron) and total phenolic and total flavonoids compounds. The main amino acids detected to be hydroxyproline, serine, proline, leucine, aspartic acid; glycine, threonine, and histidine. At the end of experiential period, from the results of lipid profile, it could be noticed that the control positive was higher in total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL and control negative is lower. Moreover, when the gum Arabic increased the lipid profile decreasing in the other treated kidney failure to nearly and equal control negative.The results from kidney function and bilirubin noticed that the gum Arabic in the form of drinking water with 15%, w/v improve the kidney functions in plasma may be due to adenine-induced kidney failure in rats and bilirubin was also reduced. The gum Arabic in the form of drinking water with 15% w/v exhibited the best results for both Na and K serum levels. It could be concluded that the gum Arabic had contained rich amounts from nutritional composition and also, main amino acids compounds. Whilst, the gum Arabic in drinking water until 15% w/v concentration to rats groups kidney failure give the best results for lipid profile and kidney function and also the histological experiential confirmed the previously results.