To preserve traditional agricultural knowledge and seek alternative methods to chemical insecticides, we carried out an ethnobotanical study among the rural population of two Moroccan regions, Casablanca-Settet and Fez-Méknès. The survey covered 800 people, 79% of them were male. The 40-60 year olds are the most representative age groups (54%), and farmers are the most represented group in the sample surveyed (78%) with a higher illiteracy rate (43%). Pesticide use has changed farmers' habits over time; ethnobotanical data show that only 39% are aware of the use of plants for harvests protection. In the field, we identified 24 species from 14 families that were traditionally used to protect crops. The aerial part of plants is the most used with a rate of 42% and the use of plants without transformation remains the most practiced mode by farmers for the majority of plants.