Biodiversity represents the variety and abundance of life expressed at the genetic, population, species and ecosystem levels, cultivated and natural, terrestrial and marine. North East India is one of the mega biodiversity zones, it provides the essential goods for the survival of human beings. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution pattern and number of occurrences and uses of medicinal plants nearby areas of the Bhogdoi river, Assam. A total number of 154 medicinal plants were recorded from this area. Some of the important medicinal plants were Euphorbia neriifolia, Alternanthera sessilis, Houttuyania cordata, Oxalis corniculata etc. We have also observed the soil condition in which the medicinal plants occur along with their habitat condition. The study also revealed the ecological balance of the study area was disturbed due to maximum utilization of natural resources and high number of human populations.