The emerging of two novel techniques, nanotechnology and biotechnology has resolved many concerns that prevail with the traditional strategies of agriculture. The agricultural sector has many problems achieving the desired yield in products because of pathogens, pesticides, herbicides, temperature, soil moisture, among others. Nanotechnology based agricultural systems have developed with a worthy to manage crop production using drug-carrier and a controllable drug targeting and releasing system as it can enhance the quality of agriculture production. Through advancement in nanotechnology, there are a number of state of the-art techniques available including applications of several types of nanoparticles as protectants and carriers in the form of ‘nanonpesticides. Direct applications of nanotechnology in agriculture include delivery of agrochemicals and nutrition, pesticides, nano-scale carriers, nanosensors, detection of nutrient deficiencies etc. Nowadays nano-fertilizers are increasingly been used as alternates to bulk fertilizers and reduce pollution of soil and water by different agrochemicals. Nano-fertilizers facilitate the slow and steady release of nutrients and thereby reduce the loss of nutrients and enhance the nutrient use efficiency. Genetic Engineering is another promising strategy which can be used nanotechnology to make the production of transgenic crops much easier than through conventional process. The rapid growth of the both techniques may ensure the sustainable agriculture system and food security.